Overview
Turkmenistan is an independent sovereign state located in Asia, specifically within the Central Asia subregion. It covers approximately 488,100 km² and is home to an estimated 7,057,841 people. The country is fully landlocked, with no direct access to the open sea — a status that has shaped its trade routes, infrastructure investment, and historic alliances with coastal neighbours. Its capital is Ashgabat, which serves as the political and (in most cases) economic centre of the country, hosting the seat of government and the principal international airport.
This profile pulls together the structured facts that most readers want at a glance — capital, currency, languages, borders — and links onward to the maps and neighbouring countries you are likely to need next. Every figure on this page is rendered server-side from a single dataset, so what you see here matches the regional indexes, statistics rankings, and continental hubs elsewhere on MapVista.
For travellers, students, journalists, and the merely curious, the goal is simple: a single readable page per country that answers the questions you actually asked, without redirecting you to a sign-up screen or a paywall. Citizens of Turkmenistan are commonly described as Turkmen, a demonym you will encounter in news coverage and academic writing alike.
Geography & borders
Turkmenistan is a mid-sized country, covering approximately 488,100 km² of land in Asia (specifically the Central Asia subregion). The country is landlocked, with no direct access to the ocean, which has shaped its trade routes, climate, and cultural exchanges with the rest of the world. Its approximate geographic centre lies at 40.00° N, 60.00° E, placing it in the northern hemisphere on a line with several other Central Asia nations. Turkmenistan shares land borders with 4 neighbouring states, a typical configuration for Central Asia which makes overland travel and cross-border trade central to daily life.
Bordering countries
Turkmenistan shares land borders with the following 4 neighbours. Each one links to its own full profile so you can hop around the region without losing your bearings:
Live map
Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL. · Open in OpenStreetMap · Open in Google Maps
People, demographics & density
With an estimated 7,057,841 residents, Turkmenistan is a mid-sized population. That works out to roughly 14.5 people per square kilometre, a low density that reflects vast underpopulated terrain — deserts, mountains, forests, or polar landscape that limits permanent settlement. The capital, Ashgabat, anchors the country's political and often economic life and is usually the first city most international visitors encounter. Citizens of Turkmenistan are commonly described as Turkmen.
Compared with the global mean of roughly 60 people per square kilometre, Turkmenistan's figure of 14.5 people / km² places it well below the global average, reflecting either vast remote territory, harsh climate, or a small population spread across a large area.
Languages, currency & culture
Culturally, Russian and Turkmen share official status in Turkmenistan, while Turkmenistan manat (TMT) is the official currency. Like every country in the catalogue, the linguistic situation on the ground is often more layered than the official picture, with regional languages, immigrant communities, and minority tongues woven through everyday life.
Official and recognised languages
- RussianISO 639 code: rus
- TurkmenISO 639 code: tuk
Official currencies
- Turkmenistan manatISO 4217: TMT · m
Language and currency data are drawn from open sources and reflect the official position rather than the full sociolinguistic picture on the ground. Many countries recognise minority and regional languages in addition to the official ones listed here, and some use multiple currencies in practice — particularly in border regions and tourist economies.
Practical information
Turkmenistan operates on a single time zone, UTC+05:00, and uses the country-code top-level domain .tm online. Vehicles drive on the right-hand side of the road. Turkmenistan is a recognised member state of the United Nations.
- Time zonesUTC+05:00
- Top-level domain.tm
- Driving sideRight
- UN memberYes
- LandlockedYes
- IndependentYes
- DemonymTurkmen
Maps & downloads
The flag image above is available in both raster and vector format. For a full-resolution download, right-click and save the linked file. Map links open in your preferred mapping provider so you can zoom into specific regions or plan a route. For deeper terrain and elevation data, our geographic resource library collects the best free atlases.
About this profile
This page is one of 250 country profiles on MapVista. The structured facts are sourced from open datasets that aggregate official records — see our methodology for the full list of sources and how we handle disputes, succession, and edge cases. The narrative paragraphs are written to give context to the numbers, but the figures themselves are not invented; if a value is missing it is shown as a dash rather than a guess.
If you spot an out-of-date figure or a misclassification, please reach us via the contact page. We refresh the underlying dataset regularly and corrections are applied at the next rebuild.